More Spring Wildflowers

by Crystal Cockman

5/12/2017

I’ve spent some time walking around in the woods this spring, and I’m always excited by what I find. When evaluating a property The LandTrust for Central North Carolina is considering for protection the other day, we found a patch of pink lady slipper with a few in bloom. Another wetland that the landowner is considering protecting was a veritable cornucopia of spring wildflowers – bloodroot, mayapple, black cohosh, trillium, fairy wand, strawberry bush, solomon’s seal, buckeye, putty root orchid and many others. I found showy orchis there a couple of years ago but we haven’t been able to spot it again.

Black cohosh (Actaea racemosa) is an herbaceous perennial wildflower and is one of the largest woodland wildflowers. It isn’t quite blooming yet, but you can spot the vegetation in the forest. They have serrated leaves and the blooms consist of a tall white spike. Its habitat consists of mesic deciduous woodlands. The caterpillars of the butterfly Celastrina neglecta major (Appalachian Azure) feed exclusively on Black Cohosh. Black cohosh has a history of medicinal uses, including treating gynecological problems, sore throats, kidney problems, and depression.

Fairy wand (Chamaelirium luteum) is a member of the lily family. It is also a perennial plant found in rich woodlands. It has a short rhizome that grows 2-3 feet tall and has a basal rosette of foliage with a central flowering stalk. It is dioecious, meaning that the male and female flowers grow on separate plants. The male flower is longer and whiter, and the female is shorter and greener. It is found in temperate forests in North America east of the Mississippi. It is also known by several other names, including false unicorn root, devil’s bit, blazing star, rattlesnake-root, squirrels tail, and helonias.
Strawberry bush or hearts a burstin (Euonymus americanus) is also blooming right now. This is a deciduous shrub that grows 6 to 12 feet tall. It has pale green flowers, which grow on top of the leaves. In the fall, bright pink fruits open to reveal orange seeds. The tender leaves and stems are a favorite food plant for deer. However, the bright orange berries are known to be toxic to humans.

Solomon’s seal and false solomon’s seal are also blooming, and without the blooms they are hard to tell apart. Solomon’s seal (Polygonatum biflorum) has droopy whitish green blooms that hang from various points along the stalk of the stem. They are found in rich moist forests in the eastern United States and Canada. False Solomon’s seal (Smilacina racemosa) has a cluster of small white blooms that occur at the end of the stem.

This is just a small smattering of the wildflowers blooming in our woodlands. The next time you are out in the woods, stop to look at what
wildflowers you may spot. Spring goes by quickly, so get outside now if you want to spot some of these flowers this year.